Quake Rocks India's Cultural Heritage

February 1, 2001 - 0:0
NEW DELHI A wall dating back to 3,000 B.C. was among a dozen major historical monuments leveled or seriously damaged by India's worst quake for 50 years, Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) officials said Wednesday. The quake, which measured 7.9 on the Richter scale, ravaged the western Indian state of Gujarat on Friday morning, causing massive lost of life and property damage. "We have received reports that two of the dozen or so badly affected historical structures were flattened by the quake," the senior ASI official told AFP. One of these was a structure raised over the funeral ground of some of the most powerful 16th and 17th century rulers of Gujarat's Bhuj region, which was close to the epicenter of the quake. "The structure, called Chhatri' in Bhuj had several beautiful decorative statuettes," said the ASI official who declined to be identified. "According to the reports we have, the entire structure was flattened." The state is liberally dotted with historical monuments of global importance, including the temple of Somnath dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, the Sabarmati "Ashram" or hermitage of Mahatama Gandhi and a site dating back to the Indus Valley civilization, between 3000 and 4000 B.C. Another monument razed by the quake was the Sheikh Farid Durgah (shrine), situated in Patan District, in north Gujarat. The Press Trust of India on Sunday said a 113-year old museum in Bhuj was completely leveled, destroying an important collection of artifacts, including a 7th century statue of Lord Buddha. ASI's senior archaeologist for Gujarat, Dr. Gehlot told AFP by phone from Baroda, 113 kilometers (70 miles) from Gujarat's main commercial city Ahmedabad, that several other monuments had "either developed cracks or had been badly flaked." A number of those were in Ahmedabad, where a part of the old citadel wall and tower encircling the city's 15th century Bhadra Fort was in a "precarious condition," an ASI official in New Delhi said. One of the famous "shaking" minarets at the centuries-old Sidi Bashir Mosque had also been damaged. The mosque was constructed with earthquakes in mind, so that when one minaret was shaken, the other rocked in sympathy, making it one of the "must-see" tourist spots of Gujarat. A wall dating back to 2,500-3000 B.C. in Champaner, around 120 kilometers (70 miles) from Ahmedabad, was also destroyed, while another site called Dhaula Vira belonging to the same period was unaffected. According to newspaper reports, the famous Sabarmati "Ashram" or hermitage of Mahatma Gandhi in Ahmedabad had developed cracks. Gandhi's personal belongings were however reported to be safe. There were reports of damage to historical monuments coming in from neighboring Rajasthan State as well. The rear portion of a 300-year-old royal mansion, famous for its stone carvings and chiseled work in the desert town of Jaisalmer, 570 kilometers (350 miles) from Rajasthan's provincial capital Jaipur, was on the verge of collapse, ******The Hindustan Times**** said. The mansion, like several others, borders the famous Jaisalmer Fort, which draws hundreds of foreign and Indian tourists every year. K.P. Poonacha, an official in charge of monuments at the ASI, said restoration plans could only be chalked out after all the details of the damage were compiled. Another official however was more pessimistic. "Reassembling the damaged structures in a stage of partial collapse is an extremely tedious task. I cannot say anything about the wholly collapsed structures ... the entire process will take at least a year. As for the cost, I can only say it will run into tens of millions of rupees (millions of dollars)."