TEHRAN- A Persian translation of English novelist Clara Reeve’s book “The Old English Baron” has recently been published by Qoqnus Publications in Tehran.

The book has been translated into Persian by Maryam Mahdavi.

“The Old English Baron” is an early Gothic novel, first published in 1778. It initially appeared anonymously in May 1777 under the title “The Champion of Virtue.” In the preface to the 1778 edition, Reeve described her work as a literary offspring of Horace Walpole's “The Castle of Otranto,” stating that it aimed to blend the most compelling elements of ancient romance with modern novelistic techniques. She sought to create a narrative that not only reflected Gothic themes but also established its own distinct character and style.

Reeve’s intention was to adapt Walpole's plot to suit the tastes and expectations of her contemporary audience by balancing fantastic elements with the realism characteristic of the 18th century. The story centers on Sir Philip Harclay, who returns to medieval England only to learn of the death of his childhood friend, Arthur Lord Lovel. 

Arthur’s cousin, Walter Lord Lovel, inherits the estate and sells the family castle to Baron Fitz-Owen. Among the baron's household are his two sons and daughter, Emma, along with several young gentlemen who are being educated with the baron's sons. Edmund Twyford, a peasant's son brought into the household, closely resembles Sir Philip's late friend, prompting the knight to take a liking to him. Although Sir Philip offers to adopt Edmund, the young man chooses to stay with the baron but is assured that he can return to Sir Philip if ever in need.

The narrative jumps forward four years, during which Edmund’s superior qualities earn him the jealousy of the baron’s nephews, particularly Sir Robert, the eldest son. Despite this animosity, William, Robert’s younger brother, becomes Edmund's loyal friend. Meanwhile, Edmund harbors feelings for Lady Emma. Initially, Reeve framed her story as an old manuscript she had discovered and transcribed, similar to Walpole’s approach. 

Clara Reeve’s “The Old English Baron” not only pays homage to its Gothic predecessors but also carves out its own niche within the genre by advocating for a balance between fantasy and realism.

SAB/