1919 -- The Treaty of Neuilly was signed, under which Bulgaria was forced to cede territory to Yugoslavia and Greece.

1940 -- In Romania, the pro-Nazi Iron Guard slaughtered over 60 aides of the exiled king, including former prime minister Nicolae Jorga.

1941 -- The last Italian forces in Ethiopia under General Nasi surrendered at Gondar. Over 23,000 prisoners were taken.

1942 -- In World War ii, the German army entered Toulon and the French fleet anchored there was scuttled by its own crews.

1953 -- U.S. playwright Eugene O'Neill died. Author of ***Long Day's Journey Into Night***, in 1936 he became the first American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.

1975 -- Ross McWhirter, co-editor and compiler of the Guinness Book of World Records, was shot dead by Irish Republican Army gunmen at his home.

1983 -- A Colombian Avianca Airlines Boeing 747 crashed near Barajas Airport in Madrid, killing 181 people.

1989 -- A Colombian Avianca Airlines Boeing 727 on a flight from Bogota to Cali was destroyed by an explosion possibly caused by a bomb. All 107 people on board were killed.

1992 -- Venezuela's government said it had put down a coup attempt by rebel soldiers in which up to 50 people were killed, hundreds wounded and the presidential palace was bombed.

2000 -- The Laerdal Tunnel in West Norway was opened by King Harald. It is the world's longest road tunnel at 16.9km (10.6 miles), beating the St. Gotthard tunnel in Switzerland.

2001 -- NASA announced that the Hubble Space Telescope had spied the atmosphere of a planet 150 light-years from Earth, the first time the atmosphere of a planet had been directly detected outside our solar system.

2002 -- U.S. President George W. Bush appointed Henry Kissinger to lead an independent investigation of the government's failure to prevent the Sept. 11 attacks.

2002 -- The EU, its cod stocks on the brink of collapse after years of over-fishing, called for cuts of 80 percent in cod and haddock catches and 75 percent for whiting in EU fishing areas. THOUGHT

He whose passions overcome his reason, faces with disgrace.

[Imam Ali (AS)]