TEHRAN - A new academic study in Iran is challenging conventional assumptions about what makes residential buildings durable, concluding that cultural and social factors, rather than just construction materials, play a decisive role in how long people choose to live in their homes.

According to research led by Mohsen Afshari of the Art University of Isfahan, the longevity of modern housing is closely tied to human experience, social conditions, and residents’ emotional connections to their living spaces. The findings, published in a scientific journal affiliated with the Tabriz Islamic Art University, suggest a need to rethink housing design beyond purely technical considerations.

Moving beyond concrete and steel

Traditionally, building durability has been associated with structural strength, using materials like steel and reinforced concrete. However, the study shows that even structurally sound buildings are often demolished due to changing land values, shifting urban needs, or dissatisfaction with living conditions. This trend contributes to environmental degradation by generating large volumes of construction waste and increasing resource consumption.

Researchers argue that focusing on the “real lifespan” of buildings, how long they remain desirable and functional for residents, can significantly reduce environmental harm while improving urban quality of life.

Key factors influencing housing longevity

The study identifies ten major socio-cultural factors affecting how long residents stay in their homes. Among them are sense of belonging, spatial flexibility, modernity, media influence, social status, neighborhood quality, access to local services, and user participation in design.

However, two factors stood out across both public opinion and expert analysis: security and spatial quality. The research found that a strong sense of safety and well-designed living environments are the most critical elements influencing long-term residency decisions.

“Social security has the greatest impact on whether people choose to remain in a home,” the study concludes, followed closely by the quality of interior and surrounding spaces, areas where architects play a crucial role.

A gap between experts and residents

The research also reveals a notable gap between professional perspectives and everyday experiences. For example, while experts tended to downplay the importance of emotional attachment, residents identified a strong sense of belonging as a key factor in staying in a home.

Similarly, participation in construction was found to have little impact on long-term residency. In contrast, involving residents during the design phase, especially when aligning with their preferences and quality expectations, significantly increased their willingness to remain.

Lessons from traditional Iranian architecture

The findings echo principles long embedded in traditional Iranian housing design. Historic homes, known for their central courtyards (hayat), inward-focused layouts, and separation of private (andaruni) and guest (biruni) spaces, were deeply rooted in cultural values and social needs.

Architectural features such as windcatchers (badgirs), thick adobe walls, and shaded iwans not only addressed environmental challenges but also enhanced comfort and livability. These homes fostered a sense of privacy, security, and belonging—qualities now identified as essential for modern housing longevity.

Moreover, aesthetic elements like stained glass (orsi), intricate plasterwork, and tranquil garden courtyards contributed to high spatial quality, reinforcing residents’ emotional connection to their homes.

Toward more sustainable housing

The study emphasizes that strengthening socio-cultural infrastructure, particularly improving safety and spatial quality, can lead to reduced building demolition, lower energy and material consumption, and even improved mental well-being among residents.

Researchers recommend further investigation into the differences between expert and public priorities to better align housing policies and design practices with real-life needs.

As cities continue to grow and evolve, the study suggests that blending modern construction techniques with time-tested cultural insights may hold the key to creating more sustainable, enduring homes.
AM