Thursday, June 14 1800 - Napoleon defeated the Austrians at the battle of Marengo, northern Italy, during the war of the second coalition.

1801 - Benedict Arnold, American general who shifted his allegiance to the British during the American Revolution, died in London.

1928 - Emmeline Pankhurst, English champion of women's rights, died. An act establishing voting equality for men and women was passed just after her death.

1936 - Maxim Gorky, Soviet short-story writer and novelist, died.

1940 - In World War II the German Army entered and occupied Paris.

1941 - President Roosevelt ordered the freezing of all German and Italian assets in the U.S.

1946 - John Logie Baird, Scottish inventor who pioneered the development of television, died.

1951 - The first electronic computer for commercial use was demonstrated at the Bureau of the Census in Philadelphia.

1962 - The European Space Research Organization, later replaced by the European Space Agency, was established.

1971 - The ***New York Times*** began publication of extracts from top-secret Pentagon papers on the Vietnam War.

1972 - A Japan airlines DC-8 crashed at Delhi Airport, killing 87 people.

1983 - Pioneer 10 became the first spacecraft to leave the solar system, sending back the first data from interstellar space, after its launch in March 1972.

1986 - Alan Jay Lerner, U.S. playwright and lyricist, died. With Frederick Lowe composed musicals such as "My Fair Lady" and "Camelot".

1990 - Romanian president Ion Iliescu, backed by thousands of miners controlling the streets of Bucharest, vowed to round up leaders of a day of antigovernment violence that tore the capital apart.

1993 - President Suleyman Demirel asked Tansu Ciller to form a new government, giving Muslim but secular Turkey its first woman prime minister.

1994 - Henry Mancini, U.S. composer of soundtracks for the ***Pink Panther*** movies, and dozens of other hit films, died.

1998 - Queen Margrethe opened Europe's longest suspension bridge linking eastern and western Denmark by road.