Part 2 Tourism Development --Development of tourism industry is recognized as one of the ways for overcoming the numerous problems in the Third World countries. To many governments, attention to tourism industry has become an undeniable solution for achievement of economic and social benefits. The existence of numerous limitations for investment in other economic generating sectors has made the belief in tourism development reinforced.
The growing process of incomes generated from this industry and also its outstanding contribution to generating employment have made a complete clear and explicit picture of this industry in minds. Tourism is a growing phenomenon due to the development of technology and its potential growth seems to be increasing throughout the world the developing countries are entering into the tourism development process. In the light of the reviewed arguments, tourism may have the capacity to bring numerous benefits for marketing and could be shared to improve the economic, social and environmental structure of the developing countries.
Further discussion will be presented to support the case for tourism development and why many developing countries have taken the decision to support tourism as a development option.
Tourism and Forecast of WTO More than one billion tourists will be traveling annually by the year 2010, according to a revised forecast of tourism growth issued by the World Tourism Organization. The revised predictions show international arrivals increasing to 702 million by the year 2000 and to 1,018 million by 2010 a figure & percent.
Higher than WTO's original forecast issued in 1990. International tourist receipts are forecast to grow to U.S. $621 billion in the year 2000 and U.S.$1.5 trillion by 2010. The 21st century will see a higher percentage of the total population traveling, especially in developing countries, and people will be going on holiday more often... Sometimes two, three or four times a year, said WTO Secretary General Francesco Frangilalli. Tourist of the 21st century will also be traveling farther and farther from their homes, according to preliminary finding of the tourism 2020 vision forecast.
According to the above anticipations, it seems that tourism contribute will turn to be one of the main generating and money making sectors in the world in the next century. The key role of this sector in producing employment and income has made the development of this industry turn to become the focal attention of many developing countries.
Tourism Planning Massive development of resources as millions more people travel to seek personal rewards from thin experiences. This pervasive tourism growth is of the new service economy with the weakening of many other aspects of the economy, nations and areas sea tourism as a quick and easy solution.
Tourism planning is an effort for an underlying trend with pre-specified aims and through utilizing invest, means, facilities, and manpower.
Now it seems that the goals for development can be somehow named as tourism planning aims, because one of the development approaches is the very deep concentration on tourism industry. The following definition quoted from tourism planning can help us to have a more perfect perception of the concept of planning and tourism planning. Planning is a multidimensional activity and seeks to be integrative.
It embraces social, economic, political, psychological, anthropological, and technological factors. It is concerned with the past, present and future.
Goals for Development As an overall comprehensive activity, planning can provide betterment of tourism if directed toward several major goals. Here, goals are defined as different from objectives. Objectives are specific, real, and actual activities that can be accomplished within a given time. Goals are ideals or aims that one strives for but may never completely accomplish.
Goals provide the framework for the identification of policies and accomplishment of specific objectives... Experience has demonstrated that for betterment of tourism there are at least the following four planning goals: 1- Enhanced visitor satisfaction 2- Improved economic and business success 3- Protected resource assets 4- Community and integration Planning Scales Experience with tourism planning demonstrates that it needs to be approached at three different scales. The most popular planning today is at site scale individual property development.
However, when tourism functions are better understood, it becomes clear that there are opportunities for better tourism success by planning at the destination zone scale. In order to determine greatest potential for a region or nation, a regional scale of planning is needed. Regarding the factors in the scope of the part which tourism planning should play the following items quoted from tourism planning by Gunn C.A. are presented: Planning should encompass all travel Planning must predict a better future Both planning and plans are needed for tourism today Economic development must not be an exclusive goal of planning Planning must incorporate all three sectors of tourism Planning processes today are becoming much more interactive Three scales of planning need integration.